Making Biases in Management Essay

A choice model characterizes what is applicable in a choice. (Valid; moderate; p. 158) 4. The fourth step of the dynamic procedure requires the chief to list feasible options that could resolve the issue. (Valid; simple; p. 159) 5. When the choices have been recognized, a chief must break down every one. Valid; moderate; p. 159) 6. The progression in the dynamic procedure that includes picking a best option is named execution. Investigations of the occasions paving the way to the Challenger space transport calamity point to an acceleration of duty by chiefs. (Valid; moderate; p. 163) 12. Administrators normally utilize their instinct in dynamic. (Valid; simple; p. 164) 13. Sane investigation and instinctive dynamic are corresponding. (Valid; moderate; p. 164) 14. Modified choices will in general be redundant and schedule. (Valid; simple; p. 165) 15. Rules and arrangements are fundamentally the equivalent. An approach is an express articulation that mentions to an administrator what the individual in question should or should not to do. Bogus; moderate; p. 166) 17. The answer for nonprogrammed dynamic depends on systems, rules, and strategies. (Bogus; moderate; p. 166) 18. Most administrative choices in reality are completely nonprogrammed. (Bogus; simple; p. 167) 19. The perfect circumstance for settling on choices is generally safe. (Bogus; moderate; p. 167) 20. Hazard is the condition wherein the chief can evaluate the probability of specific results. (Valid; simple; p. 167) 21. Hazard is a circumstance where a chief has neither sureness nor sensible likelihood gauges. (Bogus; troublesome; p. 168) 22. Individuals who have a low resistance for equivocalness and are balanced from their perspective are said to have a mandate style. (Valid; moderate; p. 171) 23. Chiefs with a logical style have a much lower resistance for vagueness than do mandate types. (Bogus; moderate; p. 171) 24. People with a reasonable style will in general be exceptionally expansive in their viewpoint and will take a gander at numerous other options. (Valid; moderate; p. 171) 25. Conduct style leaders cooperate with other people. (Valid; simple; p. 171) 26. Most chiefs have attributes of diagnostic leaders. (Bogus; moderate; p. 171) 27. As indicated by the boxed element, â€Å"Managing Workforce Diversity,† various representatives will in general settle on choices quicker than a homogeneous gathering of workers. (Bogus; moderate; p. 172; AACSB: Diversity) The mooring impact depicts when chiefs focus on introductory data as a beginning stage and afterward, when set, they neglect to sufficiently change for resulting data. Answer a. At the point when leaders will in general think they know more than they do or hold ridiculously positive perspectives on themselves and their presentation, they’re displaying the arrogance inclination. b. The prompt delight predisposition depicts chiefs who will in general need quick rewards and to maintain a strategic distance from prompt expenses. For these people, choice decisions that give fast settlements are more engaging than those later on. c. The tying down impact depicts when chiefs focus on beginning data as a beginning stage and afterward, when set, neglect to satisfactorily alter for ensuing data. Early introductions, thoughts, costs, and gauges convey ridiculous weight comparative with data got later. d. At the point when leaders specifically compose and decipher occasions dependent on their one-sided observations, they’re utilizing the particular discernment inclination. This impacts the data they focus on, the issues they distinguish, and the choices they create. e. Chiefs who search out data that reaffirms their past decisions and markdown data that negates past decisions display the affirmation inclination. These individuals will in general acknowledge at face esteem data that affirms their biased perspectives and are basic and doubtful of data that challenges these perspectives. f. The encircling inclination is when leaders select and feature certain parts of a circumstance while barring others. By causing to notice explicit parts of a circumstance and featuring them, while simultaneously making light of or precluding different perspectives, they contort what they see and make off base reference focuses. g. The accessibility inclination is when choices creators will in general recollect occasions that are the latest and striking in their memory. The outcome is that it twists their capacity to review occasions in a target way and results in mutilated decisions and likelihood gauges. h. At the point when leaders survey the probability of an occasion dependent on how intently it looks like different occasions or sets of occasions, that’s the portrayal inclination. Supervisors showing this inclination draw analogies and see indistinguishable circumstances where they don’t exist. I. The irregularity predisposition depicts when leaders attempt to make significance out of arbitrary occasions. They do this in light of the fact that most chiefs experience issues managing chance despite the fact that arbitrary occasions happen to everybody and there’s nothing that should be possible to foresee them. j. The sunk costs mistake is when leaders overlook that current decisions can’t right the past. They inaccurately focus on past uses of time, cash, or exertion in evaluating decisions as opposed to on future results. Rather than overlooking sunk costs, they can’t overlook them. k. Leaders who rush to assume praise for their triumphs and to accuse disappointment for outside components are displaying oneself serving inclination. . At long last, the knowing the past inclination is the propensity for leaders to erroneously accept that they would have precisely anticipated the result of an occasion once that result is really known. They are aware of the littlest deviations and respond early and rapidly to whatever doesn't fit with their desires. Another attribute of HROs is that they concede to the specialists on the cutting edge. Cutting edge workersâ€those who interface throughout each and every day with clients, items, providers, a so forthâ€have firsthand information on what should and can't be possible, what will and won't work. Get their info. Let them decide. Next, HROs let startling conditions give the arrangement. The fourth propensity for HROs is that they grasp unpredictability. Since business is unpredictable, these associations focus on more profound comprehension of the circumstance. They ask â€Å"why† and continue requesting what good reason as they test all the more profoundly into the reasons for the issue and potential arrangements. At last, HROs foresee, yet alto envision their cutoff points. These associations do attempt to foresee however much as could be expected, yet they perceive that they can’t envision everything.

Value Stock Versus Growth Stock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Worth Stock Versus Growth Stock - Essay Example In genuine world, there are a bigger number of dangers required than only one of kind of hazard. Market affectability is a significant hazard yet that can't the only one be utilized so as to process the characteristic estimation of stocks and consequently by depending on just this sort of hazard, we are really making the things more straightforward than they truly are and not representing significant hazard components which lead to broken investigation and inborn worth assurance of stocks. This can prompt poor dynamic and by depending just on Capital Asset Pricing model, financial specialists have a possibility of losing their well deserved cash since they are not represent a wide range of hazard that ought to be remembered for their speculation. The entirety of this discussion shows that financial specialists ought pick the blue chip stock as well as first attempt to arrange stocks into worth or development stocks and afterward make a portfolio based on a technique called â€Å"Dog s of the Dow† and continue rolling out basic improvements to their portfolios dependent on the outcomes report. Thusly they are differentiating, yet in addition redesigning the arrival on their speculations. 2) There are a few factors that represent Risk and Returns concurring French and Fama. Dangers are fundamentally of three kinds. The main kind of hazard is beta or market unpredictability. The second sort of hazard is putting resources into little versus huge stocks, and the last kind of hazard is putting resources into development versus esteem stocks. The motivation behind why these elements are considered is on the grounds that these are three principle options speculation procedures that a financial specialist can pick. Financial specialist can put either in stocks which have high beta or low beta. Be that as it may, this choice will be made by the desire for the financial specialist. On the off chance that the speculator is anticipating that the market should fall, at that point negative relationship with advertise in a stock would be liked. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that the financial specialist believes that the market is going to climb upwards, at that point it is better for the speculator to put resources into stock having a positive connection with the market. In either case, the speculator is hypothesizing business sector to perform in any case. On the off chance that the speculator decides to put resources into huge organization, at that point there are chances that the development of these stocks would be considerably less than another forceful organization. Consequently, the financial specialist would not have the option to make speedy capital increase in these stocks, yet stream of salary as profits would be very high if the speculator decides to put resources into a load of an enormous organization. Additionally, if the speculator decides to put resources into the worth stock there are chances that the financial specialist wo uld acquire significant yields, however there are likewise risks that the speculator would not have the option to procure any arrival on these stock. This is in accordance with Warren Buffets’s and EMH speculation hypotheses which state â€Å"Buy the sells and sell the buys† . The central behind this hypothesis is the way that stocks which have never acted in the past will act later on though stocks which have performed well in the past won't proceed as splendidly as they have done previously. Subsequently, it is smarter to purchase loads of organizations which are generally lingering behind the blue chip stocks. As it were it is smarter to purchase the mutts of today than stars of the past. 3) Capital Assets evaluating model depends on only one feature of the hazard bring model back. This hazard is spoken to by beta and can be clarified as stock

Argall, Sir Samuel

Argall, Sir Samuel Argall, Sir Samuel är ´g?l [key], d. 1626?, English ship captain, prominent in the early settlement of Virginia. He commanded a ship sent to Jamestown in 1609 and had charge of one of the ships Baron De la Warr brought to the failing colony in 1610. He made voyagesâ€"supposedly to Bermuda, Cape Cod, and Canadaâ€"to get needed supplies for the colonies. In 1613 on a voyage up the Potomac, Argall kidnapped Pocahontas . He commanded the Virginia Company expedition that destroyed the rival French colonial settlement on Mount Desert Island in 1613, and in 1614 he led an expedition against Port Royal (now Annapolis Royal, N.S.). As deputy governor of Virginia (1617â€"18), he governed autocratically, and the accusations of his opponents in the colony that he was unduly harsh with the poor have been credited by most, but not all, modern historians. He was knighted in 1623 and in 1625 as an admiral commanded a fleet off the Spanish coast. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. C opyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

William Edward Burghardt. B. Dubois, Marcus Garvey And...

From the obscure period of slavery, those with darker skin was taught to hate themselves in order for the Whites to obtain economical gain. Their goal was to break Blacks of their rich heritage and spirit in order to control them as they would with domesticated cattle. This philosophy transcended from generation to generation to where it was instilled into their processes of thought and their way of life. Whites have taunted Blacks attempting to belittle their character, squander their self-confidence, and brand them the infamous word â€Å"nigger†. While some carried oppression on their shoulders, a selected few rose above the negativity and began to spread self-love, self-efficiency and the rise of black power. Black became beautiful and the process of dehumanization was being reversed. W.E.B. Dubois, Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X were a few of the candidates that advocated for the Pan-African movement. William Edward Burghardt (W.E.B.) Dubois was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts in 1868. As a child, he did not have much experience with racism. He completed high school at the young age of 16 and went on to attend Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee where Dubois experienced racism and segregation for the first time. He then went to Berlin to earn a second B.A. and then became the first African American to earn a doctorates degree from Harvard University in 1895. While at Harvard University, he wrote a doctoral dissertation named The Suppression of the AfricanShow MoreRelated Malcolm X vs. Dr. King: Passive vs; Aggressive Essay1817 Words   |  8 Pagescommunity from the time that Africans were brought here in chains, until the present. Malcolm X’s philosophies, which centered more on blacks accepting themselves, and loving themselves, and creating their own sense of pride, was deemed racist by the media and he was portrayed as militant/violent by the Civil Rights A ctivists, when in fact Malcolm X’s teachings contain the exact remedy that we â€Å"victims of America† (Malcolm X uses this term to distinguish the fact that blacks were not brought to America

The Significance of Family in Maryse Conde’s, Segu Essay

â€Å"Dousika was a nobleman†¦the father of ten legitimate sons, ruling as patriarch over five families, his own and those of his younger brothers. His compound reflected his standing in Segu society† (Conde 42). In Maryse Conde’s, Segu, it is apparent that family is one of the most significant and outstanding themes in the tale. Through main characters like, Nya and Dousika, Conde does a great job of depicting the entirety of the family matters. Without establishing the implication of family there would not have been an authentic foundation to institute the latter controversies. The next theme of no lesser importance would have to be religion. â€Å"This new god, this Allah†¦was invincible. He would be like a sword. In his name the earth would run†¦show more content†¦For instance, Nya is allowed to enter the secret hut that shelters altars, which a lot of people aren’t allowed in, but because of her authority endowed by her family she has ac cess. Moreover family is not only important to the story, but it is in the story as well. Dousika is a well-respected member of the royal council. Dousika was the head of the Traore family. He has ten sons and two wives and some concubines, but his most important ones were Nya, and his last love, Sira. Even though Dousika appeared to be a stern chief, one could tell his family meant a lot to him. Inevitably, almost everything Dousika does is for his family. He takes his sons on hunting trips which are like educational excursions for them. It is lucid that family is also important just from the very way Dousika treats his wives. As aforementioned even though women are generally inferior in this culture, Dousika does possess a form of compassion for his wives. Of course he has the dominant role, but it is dominant in a more relaxed sense. Family is undoubtedly important in this tale and it is not until religion comes to Segu that family is compromised. Religion and its ethics are very deeply infused within the current culture of the Bambara in Segu. The spread of the Islamic and Christian religions took place all around. During this period, there is a constant battle between Christians, Muslims, and the alreadyShow MoreRelatedSegu Literary Analysis1926 Words   |  8 PagesBlack Studies 49A Prof. Meischer Wednesday @ 1:00pm March 10 2009 Segu Literary Analysis The historical novel Segu by Maryse Condà © is set in the African country of Segu during a time of great cultural change. The African Slave Trade, the spread of Islam, and personal identity challenges were all tremendous and far-reaching issues facing Africa from the late 1700s to early 1800s. Condà © uses the four brothers of the Traore family, Tiekoro, Malobali, Siga, and Naba, to demonstrate the impact that

My Essayyyy. Free Essays

Angela Pham Mr. Kakes World Lit/Writ 8 October 2012 Big Mama’s Funeral Big Mama is a rather large person, giving her the name Big Mama. She is considered to be a mom to the people of Macondo because she provides them with everything they need and she is a queenlike figure to them. We will write a custom essay sample on My Essayyyy. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Big Mama’s Funeral by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is about a woman given the title of Big Mama. She is the leader of Macondo. Marquez uses her to represent corruption on government and in this case, the government she runs. Big Mama is a corrupt leader. Then, her funeral became a festival and celebration of her death and everyone who came did not care that she had just passed away because she was a corrupt leader and they are happy that she has passed away. Big Mama represents a corrupt government, and Marquez uses dark humor and hyperboles often to show how people are being festive instead of mourning at the funeral. Big Mama represents a corrupt government. She arranges marriages in the case where the blood related members of a family marry within each other. That practice is the way she is able to stay in power for many years. Marquez attempts to show that some governments can be corrupt and somehow she has all the people believing it is okay or that there is nothing corrupt happening. â€Å"On the margin of the official family, the exercise of the jus primae noctis†¦ † (199). Her â€Å"official family† is all of the family members related by blood in some way. She has them marry each other. Her family does not react to what she is doing. Big Mama has been using that practice for so long and somehow the family thinks that it is okay for her to do that and they are afraid of her. Big Mama does this practice so no one new or someone she does not know can try and have a chance to take her position. The time that Big Mama has ruled â€Å"For many years, Big Mama had guaranteed the social peace and political harmony of her empire by†¦ three trunks full of forged electoral certificates which formed part of her secret estate† (207). Big Mama is able to stay in power by forging â€Å"electoral certificates†. The certificates are similar to voting for a president. She forges them and uses fake votes so she can win the election. Also, the â€Å"men in her service, her proteges, and tenants.. exercised not only their own rights of suffrage but also those of electors dead for a century† (207-208). She has been forging votes for a very long time. Marquez believes that corruption is something funny when in reality, it is not. Thus, using dark humor to make corruption seem funny when it is a serious matter. Big Mama uses the people who have been dead for over a hundred years, votes to make it seem like she has more votes and more people voting for her every time there is an election. There have been no new rulers ever since she has taken power. Very many people do not like her and are forced to follow her rules because they are afraid of her and the amount of power she has frightens them. The people only attend her funeral in hopes of gaining something because of how well known she is and her position in society. They know that many people are going to be there because she is like a celebrity. They do not care about her or that she has died. People call the day of her funeral â€Å"the great day†. â€Å"The great day had arrived† (212). In the streets crowded with carts, hawkers, or fried foods, and lottery stalls, and men with snakes wrapped around their necks† (212). The great day is the day of her funeral. But, there are many carts and stands filled with fried food. Most funerals do not usually have carts with fried food around. The â€Å"men with snakes† are used for entertainment purposes and are just there to make a profit because all the vendors know that almost everyone is attending the funeral. It is humorous that there is entertainment and fun at a funeral. This is an instance of dark humor because instead they have entertainment and food carts at a funeral and are not mourning. They do not really care that she died. The â€Å"Duke of Marlborough†¦ overcame their centenarian hatred of Big Mama†¦ and came to her funeral to ask for†¦ the payment of their veterans’ pensions which they had been waiting for for sixty years† (212). They came to the funeral and asked for the money Big Mama owed them after 60 years. They know that she has just died. That is the perfect time to collect the money she owes them because she cannot prevent them from getting their money. They have hated her for over a hundred years and decide that the day of her funeral is the day to finally get their money back. After the funeral, â€Å"No one noticed that the nephews, godchildren†¦ of Big Mama closed the doors as soon as the body was taken out, †¦pulled the nails out of the planks, and dug up the foundations to divide up the house† (214). The family of Big Mama and everyone that is considered to be family to her do not even care about her and as soon as her body was out of the house they start to tear apart the house. Her nephews are ecstatic that she has died because now they can move on and forget about her. They are happy instead of sad. Marquez uses dark humor to show how people are festive at the funeral and hyperboles to really emphasize that there are many people at the funeral. On the first page of the story, the sentence that starts the story is â€Å"Now that the nation, which was shaken to its vitals, has recovered its balance†¦ the time to lean a stool against the front door†¦ before the historians have another chance to get at it† (197-198). The sentence is actually a whole paragraph and there are semicolons to separate the people who attend. The sentence is telling who is at the funeral and where they come from. Marquez uses hyperboles to emphasize the numerous amounts of people who are there and that they come from all over the world. Marquez uses dark humor to show how people are not mourning because she dies but are celebrating. They call it â€Å"the great day† because she is gone after many years and her family is relieved that she is gone and they do not have to listen to her anymore. When someone passes away people mourn but in this case, Big Mama passes away but everyone is celebrating by having a festival instead of a proper funeral. Her family is ready to move on because â€Å"as soon as the body was taken out†¦ pulled the nails out of the planks, and dug up to foundations to divide up the house† (214). When her body is gone they do not leave the house the way it is but start to break it and tear it apart because they want to completely forget her and anything that reminds them of her. Another hyperbole used is when â€Å"the garbage men will come and will sweep up the garbage from her funeral, forever and ever† (214). There is not â€Å"garbage† that is swept up forever and will take an infinite amount of time to clean. The â€Å"garbage† represents all the wrong and corrupt things that Big Mama does and it will take a very long time to fix what she has caused. In conclusion, Big Mama represents corruption in a government and the people who attend her funeral do not care that she passes away; Marquez uses dark humor to show how people are celebrating by using hyperboles to emphasize the fact that there is a large amount of people at the funeral. Big Mama forces her family to marry each other so she can stay in power. The people in Macondo obey her because they are afraid of her. The people at the funeral use the fact that she is very popular as a way to make money or gain something. The dark humor Marquez uses is to show that people are celebrating her death and it is humorous because at funerals, people are sad and mourning At Big Mama’s funeral, people are having fun and it is similar to a carnival. How to cite My Essayyyy., Essay examples

Accounting Information System Functions bakery Systems -Example

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Accounting Information System for Functions bakery Systems. Answer: Introduction: This report will discuss the diverse functions of the bakery system. After highlighting the role of the bakers in general, the report will discuss the business process of the organization for better understanding the nuisance of the bakery manufacturing process. In the first section, the roles and responsibilities of a baker will be defined. Later the report will explore the role of possible software functionalities for making the bakery manufacturing process more seamless and less time consuming. Lastly, this report will contrast different features and advantages among two different accounting software packages. Business procedure Job description of a Baker Generally, a baker is the professional who are well aware about the process by which different types of breads, tasty pastries and other baked items are prepared. According to Baker and Friel (2014), it is an art where it is important to mix up the entire ingredients at the appropriate proportions for making the different bakery items. Therefore, a baker is responsible for the entire manufacturing process as well as the quality of the baked goods. At the end of the manufacturing process, the items are packed out and the final packaged baked items are sold out in different stores including wholesalers, grocers, restaurants, and other food centers. Furthermore, a baker is also responsible for quality check in terms of ingredients used for the process of baking, usage of food color considering the health factor along with the maintaining the hygiene during the preparation. Mixing well and shaping the dough into sheets or molds and pans are another important role played by that individua l. In the competitive world, the changing food preferences of consumers are making the role of bakers more challenging (Baker 2013). To give variations, a baker is also engaged for adding several types of interesting toppings, icings and glazes into the baked items. This purpose of this step is to make end product more visually attractive and provide the highest customer satisfaction. During this manufacturing process, there are two types of bakers associated in the process, such as commercial bakers and retail bakers. The retail bakers are those who work in grocery stores or associated with the charitable bakery stores. Most of these bakers produce smaller quantities of the baked items as compare to the commercial bakers who are associated in this business as well. All these baked goods are sold out in the spatiality shops. In most of the cases, the retail bakeries are started their baking operation after receiving the orders from their consumers. The primary focus is to maintain the just-in-time approach because they are into the limited resources in terms of the financial and operational. On the other hand, the role of the commercial bakeries is different in the contrast of the retail bakers in this business. To employ in the manufacturing facilities for the production of bread and pastries are the main job criteria of the commercial bakers (Hills, Goldberger and Jones 2013). In this context, a baker is responsible for using high-volume mixing equipments to make the standardized baked goods. The most challenging part of their profession is to operate covering a wide production area in a single handled manner by utilizing automated machines, mixers, conveyors and ovens as well. Business process of the organization The business process of B Bakery to reach to their ultimate consumers performs a series of responsibilities. During the initial phase of the bakery, the organization is involved in the sourcing of the raw material from their suppliers (Leinert, Brand and Duma 2016). The received raw materials are then placed in the mixer for making the smooth dough. For the special product specifications, the manufacturer, then, placed it for the division to give a proper shape as per the requirement. In this step, the baked product has given the intended shapes with the help of prover and placed it into the oven in the due course. In the successive step, the baker materials are de-panned and placed it into the cooler (Simms et al. 2016). In the last step, the final baked items are sending it for packaging. During the packaging, the company checks the weight of the finished products before releasing those into the market. Developing business requirement Processes which are indispensable to perform It has been found that as per the case study, the firm B Bakery is a family owned organization that has employed around 70 staffs and has generated the sales revenue of about $ 13.5 million in the last year. As per the case study, the business was running for more than 50 years and its role is to supply the confectionary and bread products to several businesses like pub-chains and supermarkets. The firm is a medium scale business, thus it should maintain a healthy accounting system in order to ensure the performance stability of the business actions. Opined to the case, it has been found that the firm has appointed an accountant to maintain the books and he has identified the requirement for implementing accounting software. The procedures that are obligatory in nature are maintenance of the top-quality components, ensuring consumer satisfaction, pre-fermented dough and an accurate accounting system (Dobija 2015). Thus, the firm required to take decision regarding the selection of th e accounting system between the manual and e-accounting. During the conceptualization of the bakery manufacturing process, it is important to maintain the accuracy while making the entries in a particular accounting system. During the posting journal entries, the company should follow the ledger balance for making the statement of income and the statement of the financial performance. In this context, the significant accounts needs to be prepared such as inventory, machinery, account receivables and many others for the successful accounting records. By maintaining all these balances, the company can control income and expenses as well as the credit activities of the business. In other words, all the above mentioned activities are supported by the control accounts which are considered as subsidiary legers of the accounting system. Outcomes required to achieve the business objectives The understanding of the different types of the outcomes is needed to meet the present the requirement with a clear understanding of the current accounting procedure. In the present situation, it can be seen that the accounting system of the company is being maintained in form of manual system. Then growth of the company at present is needed to create a robust system for accounting. The manual accounting system needs to be transformed into a computerized accounting procedure for achieving the present objective of the account system. This process will ensure the overall monitoring in the basis of real time reporting of data of day-to-day transactions. The automated accounting entries will not only make the ledger posting of the data more reliable but also increase the overall operational, efficiency of the company. The accounting software will further ensure that the features such as the graphical, representation of then data in form of graphical representation. This may face then an intitial set up cost at first but due to the achievement of the operational efficiency in the accounting system the company will be able to utilize the data for future evaluation. This will reduce the time significantly, which was requiring in case of the manual entry of the data. Determination of the systems requirements The bakery needs to consider the accounting software, which will assist the order management. The accounting software need to offer feature such as invoicing, scheduling and pricing of bakery products. Then different varieties of the items, which need to be included for the costing method, are inclusion of the items such as cupcakes, pastries, bagels and other form of bakery items. For the purpose of being more efficient in terms of the reporting standards, B Bakery need to ensure the use of accounting software which included the cloud storage support for real time updating of the data (Li-guang 2013). The bakery process needs to go through several processes for the use of the accounting software implementation especially in the traceability of the items. The accounting software should, be able, to track the raw materials and necessary ingredients from the suppliers. The software should be able to include the process in case the manufacturer charges back (Rehkamp and Canning 2015). The availability of this feature will ensure opportunity for discounts, administrative fees, promotions and advertising. The different types of accounting software need to ensure that the recipes of the food items should contain the appropriate formula and ensure the availability of food items accordingly. Accoridng to Reis (2016), the ERP system should ensure the inclusion of Multitenant Database Container Systems. As per this system, the inclusion of multiple isolated databases needs to ensure the splitting of the tasks in an more efficient manner. The accounting software need to further ensure the availability of the different type of the product for the enhancement in the backup of the data for the purpose for the better adaptability to the changes, which is required to be made in the existing system of input of data. The improvement should, be holistic in nature, which will ensure that the latency time is considerably low, and the changes in accounting system included the process of the dynamic segregation of the entered for ensuring better flexibility offered by the Bakery (Stoean 2015). Then implementation process will be further able to address the key problems related to the maintenance of the software system. This is related to the regular renewal and extension of the subscription of the software licenses. The overall accounting system should be able to integrate in such a manner that it is able, to ensure the real time updating of the data across the pub chains and the supermarket (Phan 2016). For achieving the IT objectives, the bakery should consider the using of the automated sourcing of the vendor and the integration of the ERP system. This will ensure the Bakery to offer the best value for the money in the bakery industry. The Bakery should, be able to involve itself in linking of data with the different types of the departments such as marketing, material and the procurement of the raw material for the manufacturing process. The process of the integration is observed to have an overall impact on the finance module of the ERP system. The primary objective of the is to ensure that the relevant entries are able, to auto update and the impact is made in the plant level. The accounting integration process should be done across all the different types of the other department in the core financial areas. Some of the inclusion this department includes, procurement department and the material management department. The overall object to ensue the data is transmitted across al l the division and linked together for the tracking of n changes in the data can be done easily. The other form of the advantage is directly related to the sourcing of the vendor, which is available, in the ERP system. This function will ensure best vendors are chosen a supplying at a lower price for the raw materials (Ratanya 2013). The accounting system need to ensure that the implementation process is applicable across all the manufacturing hubs of the B bakery. This integration will ensure the efficient use of available workforce in especially in the accounting division. The lower amount of the cost of the accounting will ensure the bakery is able to focus on the other type of the competitive areas in the bakery business and further ensure that the bakery is able to set a competitive pricing g for the different types of the bakery items (Makori, E.K., 2014). Software selection The selection of the accounting software would be mostly be based on its price and utility. Three different websites relating to accounting softwares for decision-making. For the purpose of the study, the following three different accounting softwares have been analyzed which are Xero, MYOB as well as SAP. According to Moghadam et al. (2013), SAP has a diverse range of functions and is the most costly accounting software that is presently available in the market. Besides this, Xero has restricted use and is only suitable for smaller organizations. As the company operates with only 70 employees, the company should select accounting software that would possess the necessary capabilities to assist the business entity in preparing the year ended financial statement that would contain relevant financial data. Romney and Steinbart (2015) mentioned that the accounting software that is selected should contain the necessary facilities like the port for mobile applications, developing customer purchase orders as well as preparing invoices. Thus, the chosen accounting software shall have to facilitate customer relationship management. As such, the accounting software that is selected should have the facility to integrate customer relationship management with the ERP system. According to Soudani (2012), the CRM feature would ensure that the financial data presented is relevant and helps the management of the entity to make informed financial as well as marketing decisions. Besides this, it would assist a business enterprise to record sign ificant consumer data that would be useful for the business entity to make important marketing strategies. Hall (2012) stated that the preservation of consumer data is one of the essential features of CRM. Therefore, pertinent consumer information shall be safely stored in the company database, without being disclosed to any third party for any unethical use. Therefore, the accounting software chosen would assist the entity in gaining the trust of the consumers apart from recording the details of each financial transaction. The following diagram reflects the implementation of ERP processes in the business organizations. Figure 2: ERP System Dynamics (Source: Hall 2012) Vendor selection Comparison of the features of Xero and SAP The two accounting software SAP and Xero have been compared and contrasted in order to gather information regarding their various functionalities and also to select the best one for the particular firm B Bakery. This comparison has been done based on the criteria that are relevant to the specified case study. The rationale regarding the selection of the accounting software Xero and SAP have been discussed here with the aim to compare the middle-range or low range software of accounting i.e. Xero with the high-end software of accounting (Smith 2015). The various functionalities involve the support from the newest android device, iPads, iPhones and the price that is paid for the least package. The criteria also involve the support for the HR management. It has been found that the customer relationship management is also considered as one of the important criteria for the selection of the accounting software. Therefore, this particular parameter has not been considered for this. It has been found that as the particular organization is a bakery firm, it does not require the manufacturing unit storehouse management. However, this particular measure has been chosen for additional capacity of storage within the firm. On the basis of the accessibility of the e-commerce incorporation and cloud employment of different accounting information and entries, the selection has been done with the aim to share the objective of real-time data sourcing. The selection process also includes the industry-specific structure regarding the resource of the business that generally ensures the flexibility of the change in the main stress of the firm as per the requirement. The ultimate criteria for selecting the software depends on the data processing that involves invoice generation, processing of order, purchase order creation and tracking of the delivery of the finished goods. Nevertheless, the comparison has been done based on the least monthly charges of the accounting packages. The accounting software SAP and Xero have been compared as follows: Parameters for comparison Xero accounting software SAP Price of minimum package per month $9 $448.28 Human assets No Yes Mobile support Yes Yes Customer relationship management (CRM) Yes Yes Processing Yes Yes Business intelligence No Yes E-commerce No Yes Management of Warehouse No Yes Cloud employment Yes Yes Procurement Yes Yes Industry-specific Yes Yes Finance Yes Yes From the above comparison table, it can be said that Xero has a minimum amount of monthly package that charges only $ 9 each user (King 2015). On the contrary, SAP charges an amount of $ 448.28 for preliminary integration of the particular software (Ossimitz, Wieder and Chapman 2016). Thus, the firm B Bakery should make decision regarding investment in the software wisely. Moreover, it has been found that the software Xero accounting offers all the features that are required by the firm B Bakery. It has immense support for customer relationship management and the newest android devices that ensures the management of the firm regarding the cost of advertisement and spontaneous improvement in the profitability ratio by an amplified focus on the consumer service. Xero is much efficient in incorporating the various kinds of purchase order entries and real-time application of share value and it supports the cloud deployment that provides entire security to the facility of cloud storage (K haneja 2015). On the other hand, it has been found that Xero software is not appropriate for the facilities of warehouse management that is generally needed for additional storage of the partially consumable items of bakery. It has been found that a little quantity of the warehouse management might ensure a more economical path for data accounting. Additionally, SAP also characterizes the human resource management and also maintains the e-commerce that might provide a rim for the opponents (Burdett and Tripathi 2013). Rationale for selection of the most suitable vendor for the bakery business The company B bakery chooses Xero accounting software to select the best vendor management for the business. The company selected this software because the business unit is very small having only 70 employees in the bakery unit. Xero accounting software is beneficial for the small-scale business because it possess all the basic requirements, which is helpful in selection of vendor management. Moreover, the system is cost effective having many features of accounting, which is helpful for B bakery (Xero Accounting Software. 2016). The following are the key features of Xero software: It is helpful in the process of invoicing. It supports all the cellular gadgets such as windows phone, android phones, and so on. It is helpful in managing the inventory system. It controls and detects the problem of improved stock control. It tracks down the stock and timely updates the list so that the management can reorder in times of crisis. It supports all the mode of payment such as Mobikwik, Paypal, and so on. It supports all the applications such as accelo and capsule CRM, insightly for Xero, and so on. It can easily read the fluctuating rate of currency and can update itself according to that rate. It is helpful in creating the list of option for purchase and for payment (Xero 2016). The company selects this system because the system assures that it will handle all the problems related to accounting, moreover, it reduces the cost of human resources. The bakery firm can now improve its profitability because of the cheaper implementation of this software. In this competitive world, the company can maintain its position in the market by tracking the records of the stock. Moreover, the system ensures that the company will be able to handle all the latest version of accounting system because it can support various features like cloud support, online inventory record, and so on, so that the company can prepare its ledger account very efficiently. The handling of this system also supports the company for selecting an easy mode of payment for the suppliers of the company. After analyzing all the basic features of the software it can be said that, the system is very much suitable for the bakery business because it possess all the necessary requirements, which is beneficia l for the company. It helps the company in selecting the functional areas of the business due to which the company can operate in more relevant manner. Now the company can make necessary changes to the various departments related to production and manufacturing of stock. For instance, if a company wrongly recorded any entry, such as, if a company made any mistake in recording its purchase order then in this case it will create an impact on the journal entry of the company. In this case, the company might purchase an extra unit of stock for the company. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded from the entire analysis that a baker has various responsibilities and duties towards his business process and actions. The systematic procedure of the particular sector is most pertinent to the current standards of the business. from the detailed analysis, the present challenges that are faced by the bakery firm have been identified and this mainly the system of manual accounting. As per the analysis, it can be suggested that Xero software should be implemented within the firm as its features get matched with the needs of the bakery firm. Thus, its rationale has been provided that clearly compares the characteristics of the accounting software MYOB and SAP. From the detailed study, it can be said that the particular B Bakery is a small or medium-sized firm that should invest in mid-range software of accounting in order to overcome all the current issues and to become more competitive in the present market. Reference List Ansorena, D., Echarte, A., Oll, R. and Astiasarn, I., 2013. 2012: No trans fatty acids in Spanish bakery products. Food chemistry, 138(1), pp.422-429. Baker, C. ed., 2013.Handbook of food factory design. Springer. Baker, P. and Friel, S., 2014. Processed foods and the nutrition transition: evidence from Asia.Obesity Reviews,15(7), pp.564-577. Burdett, D. and Tripathi, R., 2013. CIO Guide. How to Use Hadoop with Your SAP Software Landscape. Cauvain, S., 2015. Proving, baking and cooling. In Technology of Breadmaking (pp. 147-181). Springer International Publishing. Dobija, M., 2015. Accounting and the GDP measurement system. Domnech-Asensi, G., Merola, N., Lpez-Fernndez, A., Ros-Berruezo, G. and Frontela-Saseta, C., 2016. Influence of the reformulation of ingredients in bakery products on healthy characteristics and acceptability of consumers. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 67(1), pp.74-82. Efe, B., 2016. An integrated fuzzy multi criteria group decision making approach for ERP system selection. Applied Soft Computing, 38, pp.106-117. Hall, J.A., 2012. Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Hills, K.M., Goldberger, J.R. and Jones, S.S., 2013. Commercial bakers and the relocalization of wheat in western Washington State.Agriculture and human values,30(3), pp.365-378. Huang, T. and Yasuda, K., 2014. ERP Life Cycle Models: An Annotated Bibliographic Review. In Proceedings of the 15th Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering and Management Systems Conference (APIEMS2014), Jeju, Korea (pp. 12-15). Iacob, C. and aicu, M., 2012. Managerial Accounting And Environmental Performance Of Bakery Companies. Scientific BulletinEconomic Sciences, 11(1), pp.16-24. Khaneja, S., 2015. E-Accounting in the Current Scenario: Impact of Information Technology.The International Journal of Business Management,3(9), p.290. Kilic, H.S., Zaim, S. and Delen, D., 2014. Development of a hybrid methodology for ERP system selection: The case of Turkish Airlines. Decision Support Systems, 66, pp.82-92. King, A., 2015. Xero soothes auditors on automation. Leinert, L., Brand, F.S. and Duma, F., 2016. Food Sector Study: Figures, Structure, Forces of Change, and Development Potential of the Swiss Food Industry. Li-guang, X.U., 2013. Design and Implementation of ERP Software for Bakery Industry. Modern Computer, 19, p.020. Maggi, V., 2014. Selected internal controls in a Maltese bakery production company: a case study. Makori, E.K., 2014. Enterprise resource planning applications and supply chain performance of large scale manufacturing firms in Nairobi, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Moghadam, H.M., Akhavansaffar, M., Bakhshaei, Z. and MirHosseini, S.Y., 2013. Effect of investment in information technology system on providing desired services of accounting information system. Elixir International Journal A, 55, pp.13268-13273.4 Mogol, B.A. and Gkmen, V., 2014. Mitigation of acrylamide and hydroxymethylfurfural in biscuits using a combined partial conventional baking and vacuum post-baking process: preliminary study at the lab scale. Innovative Food Science Emerging Technologies, 26, pp.265-270. Myob.com. (2016). Accounting Software Business Solutions | MYOB. [online] Available at: https://www.myob.com/au [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Ossimitz, M., Wieder, B. and Chapman, P., 2016, May. Management Accounting Functionality in SAP SolutionsImplications for Research and Practise. InInternational Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics (ICESAL) 2016. Phan, P., 2016. Strategic purchasing practices: the case study of PAUL Bakery UK. Rling, R., Holzgrefe-Lang, J., Schrder, A. and Wartenburger, I., 2015. On the influence of typicality and age of acquisition on semantic processing: Diverging evidence from behavioural and ERP responses. Neuropsychologia, 75, pp.186-200. Ratanya, E.K., 2013. E-procurement implementation and supply chain integration among large scale manufacturing firms in Nairobi, Kenya. University of Nairobi unpublished MBA project. Rehkamp, S. and Canning, P., 2015. Accounting for Direct and Embedded Imports in the US Food and Beverage Dollar. Amber Waves, (06). Reis, J.L., 2016. Technologies and information systems: a contribution to the sustainability of the agri-food sector. In New Advances in Information Systems and Technologies (pp. 275-286). Springer International Publishing. Retail Bakers of America. (2016). Retail Bakers of America - Education, Networking, Continuing Education. [online] Available at: https://www.retailbakersofamerica.org/ [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Romney, M.B. and Steinbart, P.J., 2015. Accounting Information System Thirteen Edition. SAP. (2016). A-Z Featured Customer Stories | SAP. [online] Available at: https://go.sap.com/about/customer-testimonials/featured-customer-stories.html [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Sevenstarsbakery.com. (2016). Baking Process | Seven Stars Bakery. [online] Available at: https://sevenstarsbakery.com/baking-process/ [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Simms, C., Trott, P., Ford, N. and Hullova, D., 2016, June. How line stretch contributes to product development within process industries. InISPIM Innovation Symposium(p. 1). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Smith, H., 2015.Xero for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Soudani, S.N., 2012. The usefulness of an accounting information system for effective organizational performance. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(5), p.136. Spatayeva, S., Ismailova, D. and Nurgalieva, A., 2015, September. THEORETICAL AND METHODICAL BASES OF CONSTRUCTING THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AND COST ANALYSIS FOR THE PRODUCTION COST OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY OF KAZAKHSTAN. In CBU International Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3, pp. 165-180). Stoean, L., 2015. SUCCESS AND FAILURE FACTORS IN ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION. Calitatea, 16(S1), p.641. aicu, M., 2012. CONSIDERATIONS ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN BAKERY COMPANIES. Annals of the University of Craiova, Economic Sciences Series, 2. Work.chron.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://work.chron.com/responsibilities-main-duties-baker-19089.html [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Wu, Y., Lu, H., Tan, Y., Yang, Q. and Cheng, X., 2016. Research on Experiential Marketing Strategy Based on the Sale of Baking Products. Xero Accounting Software. (2016). Online Accounting Software Free Trial, Free Support | Xero. [online] Available at: https://www.xero.com/ [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Xero. (2016). Accounting Software App Marketplace | Xero. [online] Available at: https://www.xero.com/marketplace/s/app-functions [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Zubchyk, S., 2014. Estimating Efficiency of Baking Business In-House Control System. Accounting and Finance, (2), pp.131-137.